The Basics of Informative Essay Topics List for Elementary Students

The Basics of Informative Essay Topics List for Elementary Students The One Thing to Do for Informative Essay Topics List for Elementary Students Understanding of communication principles gives you the ability to get prepared for the upcoming career. Students will discover that it's simpler to write about topics which they're interested in, and it'll make the researching process much simpler. Your student will start with selecting an animal to investigate and write about. The standard of your topic will choose the grading of the paper. The option of compare and contrast essay topics isn't a simple task because you should demonstrate your analytical skills. In case the topic doesn't have many aspects like the procedure for selecting a registered nurse in the neighborhood hospital, 3 paragraphs would be sufficient. Make sure there's loads of material available that you research. It is crucial to finish the entire informative essay on an epic note in the event the author wants the reading audience to remember his brilliant suggestions and go on researching the issue. Okay, now you have the fundamentals about how to select an informative essay topic, let's dig into some excellent ideas! The majority of people have a favourite food. Seek advice from your teacher if you happen to have any suspicions about this issue you have selected. Before students begin to write, it is a very good idea for them to earn a list of the points they wish to make to their readers. The Basics of Informative Essay Topics List for Elementary Students You will need to choose a topic that you can readily find details about. Just examine the window and pick any topic you enjoy. Think of what topic would be intriguing to your intended audience. Your subject of choice dictates the amount of your body section. It would be useful to explain some words employing specific examples. For that reason, it has a lot of good informative speech topics, and all you have to do is pick the very best. You will likely be given a small quantity of time to deliver your speech, so avoid topics which are too intricate. You may be interested in speech examples for students. In most instances, a speech has to be kept short and to-the-point too, especially when time is an important matter. You may be interested in dedication speech examples. Informative speech topics provide you with the odds of sharing your knowledge on a particular issue with your listeners. Opt for an informative speech topic you're interested in. When you have done that, you've got to make an introduction. The most suitable essay topics help you receive a rough feel of the real essays. Choosing good informative essay topics is simple if you understand how to go about doing it. Also, be certain you take a look at good examples of informative essays before you commence writing yours. Informative essays are somewhat more descriptive. They are among the first essays you will be asked to write as an academic student. An informative essay combines several kinds of term papers. Explain why some students are made to leave school as soon as they are sixteen. They should be allowed to pray in school. Modern-day students have a special chance to use the web. Elementary students have to compose expository essays from time to time.

Organizational Behavior At Cshk Dubai Contracting Motivation Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2460 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? If one wants to make things happen the ability to motivate oneself and others is a crucial skill. At work, home, and everywhere in between, people use motivation to get results. Motivation implies that a balance is maintained between communication, structure, and incentives. Motivation is defined as the psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior. This hypothesis is inferred through a study of different theories of different people .Some of the theories are explained below to give the reader an insight into motivation and its effects. Maslows  Theory of Motivation   Hierarchy of Needs Maslows Hierarchy of Needs is a very famous and an interesting theory on needs. This theory was developed by Abraham Maslow in 1943. Maslows hierarchy was shown through a triangular diagram that is broken down in five horizontal parts. Each part represents a need that humans have. The theory divides human needs in five categories: Physiological needs, Safety Needs, Social Needs, Esteem Needs and Self Actualization Needs. (Anne Bruce)The final need occurs when the first four needs are fulfilled. When these needs (4 needs) are subdued, the fifth and the last need arise wherein a human being wants to explore himself and reach his maximum potential. It is his undertaking of the spiritual journey that he wants to set forth on. (Abraham H. Maslow) Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Organizational Behavior At Cshk Dubai Contracting Motivation Business Essay" essay for you Create order Motivation in theory McGregor theory x and theory y McGregor developed two theories of human behavior at work: Theory and X and Theory Y. He did not imply that workers would be one type or the other. Rather, he saw the two theories as two extremes with a whole spectrum of possible behaviors in between. Theory X workers could be described as follows: Individuals who dont like work and avoid it where possible Individuals who dont possess the desired ambition, dislike responsibility and prefer to be led Individuals who vouch for security The management implications for Theory X workers stressed that in order to achieve organizational objectives, a business will have to impose a management system of coercion, control and punishment. Theory Y workers were characterized by McGregor as: Consider effort at work as just like rest or play Ordinary people who do not dislike work. Work conditions also give a clear cut idea of how satisfied the employees there are Individuals who look out for responsibility (if they are motivated0 The management implications for Theory Y workers stressed that in order to achieve organizational objectives, rewards of various kinds are likely to be the most popular motivator. The challenge for management with Theory Y workers is to develop a working environment (or culture) where workers can show and develop their creativity. (Gary Heil) Herzbergs Two Factor Theory: Herzbergs theory said that there are certain factors in an organization that directly motivate employees to work harder. These are the motivational factors. Various other factors should also be kept in perspective in the organization. Absence of these factors will de-motivate the employees. But these factors will not motivate the employees to work harder. These factors are hygiene factors. Motivating factors include the following: To what extent is the job interesting? Does it offer any incentives for recognition? Does it reward? What kind of empowerment does it offer? There are various other factors that surround the job. These are as follows: How reasonable is the pay? Is it a safe working environment? The content and the function of the job itself should be made challenging and motivation should be done through a variety of methods. Communication in the work environment should be well managed. Herzbergs theory has been kept into perspective by managers. Improvements have b een brought about in work places especially where hygiene is concerned. Employees are provided with meal coupons, free medical and health services, clean and silent work station etc. (Michel Avital, 2008) Motivational mechanisms at CSHK Dubai Contracting After studying CSHK Dubai Contracting and visiting the organizations many time, we observed that CSHK Dubai Contracting uses job design as a motivating tool. Job rotation is an important component of its design. Job Rotation Job rotation is a technique used to ensure that employees dont get bored of their work. Job rotation basically is moving an employee from job to job. Employees  are moved between two or more  jobs  in a planned manner. One of the purposes of job rotation is to give employees the exposure to different kinds of organizational activities. Other objectives are to expose the employees to different  experiences  and a wider variety of  skills  to enhance his   job satisfaction  through job variation. Managers at CSHK Dubai Contracting think that their employees get bored by doing the same assigned task again and again. Although practicing job rotation is a difficult task as changing employees from one task to another can be time consuming but the managers make sure to plan it as it gives higher satisfaction and performance rates. CSHK Dubai Contracting has experienced that through job rotation new talents in their employee s are revealed which wouldnt have been possible had their job have being rotated in a planned manner. Ambitious employees are revealed as any employee gets a job of his passion at which he is very good and keen to work. Job rotation is also practiced when any employee leaves the organization and CSHK Dubai Contracting needs to hire a new employee. First the organization itself is scrutinized in search of an employee to fill in the missing seat . (MBA, 2005) EQUITY THEORY AND EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION Equity Theory of employee motivation tells the relationship between how fairly an employee thinks he is treated and how hard he is motivated to work. The idea behind Equity Theory is that employees, in order to balance what they put in to their jobs and what they get from them, will unconsciously assign values to each of their various contributions. Apart from their time, employees contribute their experience, their qualifications, and their personal strengths such as ambition. Money, of course, is the primary motivator for an employee, but it is not the only factor. Power and status are also prime motivating outcomes, as are flexibility, perquisites and variety. Equity theory stresses on the fact that, the most highly motivated employee is the one who thinks his rewards and contributions are equal. If he gets the feeling he is working and being rewarded the way his peers are being rewarded, then he will judge that he is being treated fairly. This doesnt mean tha t managers should treat all employees identically, because every worker does not measure his contributions in the same way. For example, flexible working hours might motivate a working mother more than a pay raise will. Similarly an across-the-board wage increase may delight most employees but the highest producers may become less motivated if they perceive that they are not being rewarded for their ambition. Research on Equity Theory and employee motivation has demonstrated that, usually, over-rewarded employees will produce more and than will under-rewarded, less motivated employees. Anglo cultures and those that reward entrepreneurial effort to support achievement and their human resources should be managed accordingly. Where as employees in Asia and Middle East often readily accept inequitable treatment in order to preserve group harmony. (Elaine Walster) Assessing Motivation Job satisfaction using Equity Theory Outputs typically include: Financial rewards (salary, benefits, perks, etc.) and Intangibles that typically include:  Recognition  ,Reputation  ,Responsibility  ,Sense of Achievement  ,Praise  ,Stimulus  ,Sense of Advancement/Growth  ,Job Security (Elaine Walster) While some of these points cant be exactly quantified and perfectly compared, we tried to study all these factors and to what extent are they followed at CSHK Dubai Contracting. High motivation is related to experiencing three psychological states while working: Meaningfulness of work:  That the employee has meaning to the company, something that he can relate to, and does not occur just as a set of movements to be repeated. This is also a sort of intrinsic motivation. Responsibility:   Sufficient freedom of action has been given to the employee to make a task a success or a failure. This includes the power to make changes and incorpora te the learning one gets while doing the job. Knowledge of outcomes:  it is very important as it tells the worker what has been the result or outcome of the work he has been doing and putting so much effort into. It gives purpose to work by emotionally connecting the employee or worker to the customer of his work. (Anne Bruce) Performance appraisals to induce job satisfaction and performance: Another very important feature of the strategic HRM would be Performance appraisal and feedback. Dulewics was of the view that performance appraisal should be made an inevitable practice. He claims that it is human nature to judge his work and to judge the work of others working with him. According to Dubrin, unless a carefully structured system is present, people will judge the performance of others involuntarily. Different organizations have different kinds of appraisals but most appraisals fall in these categories. Result appraisal: this will be based on what they have accomplished. How successful have they been in developing positive relationships with customers and how many customers have come back to the organization because of the effort invested in by them Subjective appraisal: This will be an appraisal which will be given to them on the basis of their traits and behavior. How have they behaved towards customers? In what way can they improve? And any peculiar encounters that they came across. (Porter, 1990) Both appraisals will help induce personal development within employees and would bring about a sense of belongingness for the organization within them. Following are the job characteristic followed at CSHK Dubai Contracting to bring about the above listed psychological states of mind in its employees: Skill Variety Excess of Skill variety is overwhelming and too little makes the job boring. CSHK Dubai Contracting uses job rotation technique to make sure its employees have enough variety that it doesnt become boring for them Task Identity At CSHK Dubai Contracting workers are able to identify with the work at hand as they are involved in the job from starting to end . Project teams are also made to complete big projects wherein members are involved in everything they do and each member is apart of everything. Hence employees take more pride in the outcome of that work Task Significance Whenever a task is assigned it is made sure that each one involved in it completly and understands the meaning and purpose of the task in relation to the whole organization- CSHK Dubai Contracting and beyond it as contributing to something wider, to society or a group. People are more motivated when they think and know that their work will be benefiting a larger scale a society rather then just going in the pocket of one person. Autonomy Autonomy when experienced in CSHK Dubai Contracting is very low. Most of the tasks are time bound and the worker is not flexible when carrying out the task he has to complete it in the given set of time. Although employees are considered responsible and some decision making power is given to them but the level of autonomy at lower level is still low. (Chris Stride) Feedback The feedback system at CSHK Dubai Contracting is a very organized and good one. There are a number of ways in which the employees gets feedback. There are regular meetings and various ceremonies held to recognize the hard work of the employees. They are given awards based on different efforts they put in. At CSHK Dubai Contracting people at managerial levels are given high salaries and fringe benefits. Extrinsic motivation comes from outside, i.e., from the environment. Money, competition, awards and accolades, appreciation and praise are all examples of extrinsic motivation. Giving high salaries extrinsically motivates the employees. Through its contracts CSHK Dubai Contracting offers job security to each employee. Even the physical security of the company and its employees is realized and proper security procedures are there for all visitors, fire extinguishers and fire alarms are present, etc There is an environment of love and affection in the company. Everyone works l ike one big happy family and not just co workers. The need for recognition support appraisal is full filled through this mechanism. (Thomas) Employees are thought to be as dependant able individuals. The people at upper level do not just carry out all the tasks by themselves and giving routine level tasks to employees at lower levels below them. They are given responsibility assigned difficult tasks so that their esteem needs are satisfied. Asian culture emphasizes needs of society: Chinese hierarchy of needs might have four levels ranked from lowest to highest: Belonging (social); Physiological; Safety; Self-actualization (in service of society). Another study of East Asian managers in eight countries found autonomy and self-actualization in most cases ranked high. (Richard Teese) Job Satisfaction Job Satisfaction is an effective or emotional response to ones job. The level of job satisfaction in any organization depends on factors such as job security, work flexibility, interpersonal relations, nature of supervision, organizational climate, career opportunities, difficulty of task and quantity of work assigned, etc. Same is the case in CSHK Dubai Contracting. In CSHK Dubai Contracting the organizational climate is very friendly and people are closely knit. Even when assigning tasks the employees are involved and their opinions are valued. The one thing in particular that is important for job satisfaction to be high is job security and CSHK Dubai Contracting as organization is known to provide this security to its employees. This is also evident from the fact that turnover rate of CSHK Dubai Contracting is lower than industry average. To check the level of job satisfaction in CSHK Dubai Contracting we conducted a test. The test results were to be interpreted by the follow ing guideline: low satisfaction 0-58, medium satisfaction 59-95 and high satisfaction 96-132. Although results of the test below show that a higher number of employees had a medium level of satisfaction, but a notable fact is that even in the medium level of satisfaction range quite a lot of employees score 90 or above, thus signifying that majority of the employees were close to the level of high satisfaction. (Spector) Conclusion The preceding analysis highlights major motivational factors at CSHK Dubai Contracting and its organizational environment. I saw a positive and healthy environment at CSHK due to which CHSK has a very low employee turnover rate. Through this assignment I was able to increase my knowledge base dramatically; it provided me with great practical experience and exposure to such a giant company. Visiting the working environment and coming in close contact with the corporate world is an invaluable experience gained by me and a learning that no text can teach.

THE LEGAL, ETHICAL, AND TECHNOLOGICAL CONCERNS OF THE...

New advancement in technology has made it easy for many CEOs to have the opportunity to loot their companies, and to engage in accounting irregularities. Technology has made improvements to the way a company does business with others, and also it has opened up ethical concerns for the way a company conducts their business. â€Å"Recently, accounting professionals have been placed under immense pressure by changes in the size and scope of financial markets† (Love, 2007 para. 1). Companies use the financial reporting system to communicate the financial effects of the company to outsiders (Love, 2007). This paper will discuss the legal, ethical, and technological concerns of the accounting, and financial reporting of businesses. A concern†¦show more content†¦Enron, a multinational company avoided showing their true financial statements for several years with the help of their auditor. Arthur Anderson, the company’s auditor signed off on the validity of the c ompany’s accounts despite the inaccuracies in the financial statements (Accounting ethics, 2011, para. 12). As a result of Arthur Anderson engaging in unethical practices, Enron’s shareholders lost their money when the company went into bankruptcy, Arthur Andersen employees lost their jobs, and the company went out of business (Accounting ethics, 2011, para. 12). Another example is Adelphia founder, and former CEO John Rigas. He was found guilty of looting Adelphia in 2005. (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers, Langvardt, 2010). Rigas, along with his son, and CFO Scott, was accused of using the company as their on private ATM to provide fifty million dollars in cash advances, buy 1.6 billion in securities, and repay 252 million in margin loans. As a result of their crimes Rigs received fifteen years in prison, and his son, and former CFO Scott, received twenty years in prison (Mallor et al., 2010). As a response to these major accounting scandals new reforms, regulations, and calls for higher education have been introduced to deter any individual from engaging in unethical behavior. According to Love, (2007) the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB), and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) were

Issue Brief On Net Neutrality - 1359 Words

Issue Brief on Net Neutrality Background Information The Federal Communications Commission (FCC), which is a formal policy actor (Kraft and Furlong, (2015), has faced numerous challenges in resolving the difficulties involving Net Neutrality. Jamison and Layton state that â€Å"In 2005, FCC adopted an Internet Policy Statement consisting of four consumer-centric guiding principles, also referred to as the Four Freedoms to ensure that broadband networks are widely deployed, open, affordable, and accessible to all consumers. When the agency attempted to apply these rules in 2008, the DC Circuit rejected the FCC’s decision on jurisdictional grounds. These principles could have been successful if the FCC could have administered this policy. In 2010, the FCC’s second attempt was a light-handed, multistakeholder approach for addressing net neutrality issues. In 2014, the DC Court again reversed the FCC on jurisdictional grounds (Jamison Layton, 2016). Problem There are four serious problems regarding US net neutrality policy to date. One is a market muddle problem that offers the same level of internet services while disregarding the differences in competition, geography, customer type, services, etc. These actions result in hindering advancements by causing undue analysis and aggressive injunctions on positive consumer protection services. The next problem is an overkill problem because net neutrality rules force internet service providers from offering service features. ProvidersShow MoreRelatedDeangles, M. (2015). National Electronic Health Record819 Words   |  4 Pagessubstantially reduce waste and healthcare costs. Friedlander, S. A. (2016). NET NEUTRALITY AND THE FCC S 2015 OPEN INTERNET ORDER. Berkeley Technology Law Journal, 31905-929. doi:10.15779/Z382S0F The article focuses on development of net neutrality law in the U.S. with the 2015 Open Internet Order of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) established judicial standards. It explains that net neutrality (a.k.a. â€Å"network neutrality† or â€Å"open Internet†) â€Å"is the principle that those who manage networksRead MoreIssues of the Internet: Privacy, Piracy and Net Neutrality5434 Words   |  22 PagesIssues of the Internet: Privacy, Piracy and Net Neutrality CS 306 Craig Lloyd Table of Contents Abstract †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 Social Networking and Privacy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 Software Piracy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 11 Net Neutrality †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 14 Final Thoughts and Opinion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 17 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 19 Works Cited †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreSkype and ATT: The Future of Telecommunications2023 Words   |  8 Pagesthat it would become a handset, but there are also other options the company could consider. Skype vs. ATT: The Future of Telecommunications Skypes parent company is eBay (A brief, n.d). Skype was founded back in 2003 and created a voice communication software that allowed users to communicate over the Internet (A brief, n.d.; Homepage, 2012). They could talk in real time, much in the same way they would on the telephone. Nearly everyone around the world who had a computer and internet access foundRead MoreThe Central Bank Of Australia936 Words   |  4 Pagesthe level of interest rate, the availability of credit and the supply of money. All of these have a direct impact on financial markets and institutions, and also on the level of economic activities (such as business investment, consumer spending and net exports) and the rate of inflation which is known as important sector in the economy. There are three main ways the RBA can control the liquidity in the financial system. First, the RBA is managing the Exchange Settlement Funds (ESF) held by the ExchangeRead MoreQuestions On The Spectrum Bands2138 Words   |  9 Pagesis so congested such that the service providers are forced to â€Å"recycle† spectrum. In these areas, the low-band spectrum has no advantage over the higher-band spectrum. Question 2 Give a brief description of Title I Title II and how the courts have limited the FCC s power. Your answer should include a brief discussion on the major cases that led to these power limits. For a very long time now, there has been several disputes and misunderstanding between telecommunication lawyers over how to pigeonholeRead MoreBenefits And Downfalls Of The United States2142 Words   |  9 Pagespoints, while bandwidth is a measurement of the theoretical maximum transfer capacity of a certain point on a network. With all this data flowing freely, there has to be some sort of restriction on how fast different applications are. This is where net neutrality comes into play. For example, online streaming effectively requires your computer to download a new image once every fraction of a second. This takes up much more data than sending a simple email or using a simple application. The result of thisRead MoreThe Origins Of The Internet And Future Developments1732 Words   |  7 Pagesmessage was sent from UCLA host to the Stanford host. Eventually other nodes were added including UC Santa Barbara, and University of Utah. With the additional nodes visualization projects were added, such as investigating 3D representation over the net and displaying mathematical functions (PBS, 1999). The first network system included four nodes and was incorporated with research to include both an underlying network and the work on how to utilize the network. Computers were quickly added to theRead MoreOpensecrets. Org : The Internet And The Internet1417 Words   |  6 Pagesthe url to track/analyze finances regarding the members of the congress, all the way to the creation of the website itself. Just as it is with the newspaper; the first few articles to present themselves included were ones dealing with more present issues--like gun control--with a section dedicated to original journalism following right after. The links to the heart of its purpose--tracking congress finances--were all at the bottom of the page, like runts. As per the media, the juiciest material getsRead MoreThe Effects of World War Ii on Northern Southern Ireland; 1939-19453103 Words   |  13 Pagesidentities on an international stage. To understand the experiences and philosophy of the Republic of Ireland during World War II, the past must be analyzed to realize their decision for declaring neutrality. Ireland’s neutrality lineage can be dated back to 1914 when organizations such as the Irish Neutrality League promoted such nationalist slogans as, â€Å"Neither King nor Kaiser but Ireland!† (Murphy 9). Prior to World War II beginning, the Republic of Ireland found itself in a less than desirable positionRead MoreIntermediate Accounting17109 Words   |  69 Pagespotentially dilutive securities. EPS—Treasury share method. EPS—Weightedaverage computation. EPS—General objectives. EPS—Comprehensive calculations. EPS—Contingent shares. Convergence issues. Share appreciation rights. 26, 27 16 30, 31 Questions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 27 3, 8, 9 1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 17, 18, 24 19, 20, 21 Brief Exercises 1, 2, 3 Exercises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 25, 26 7, 8, 9, 10, 29 11, 1 2, 13, 14, 15 1, 2, 3 Problems Concepts for Analysis 1 2. 3. 4, 5 6, 7, 8 1, 3 2, 4 4. 5

Medieval City That Altered The Course Of English History

A Viking Mystery Beneath Oxford University, archaeologists have uncovered a medieval city that altered the course of English history image: http://thumbs.media.smithsonianmag.com//filer/Vikings-mass-grave-631.jpg__800x600_q85_crop.jpg Mass grave British archaeologists looking for evidence of prehistoric activity in the English county of Dorset discovered instead a mass grave holding 54 male skeletons. (Oxford Archaeology) By David Keys SMITHSONIAN MAGAZINE | SUBSCRIBE OCTOBER 2010 1.1K 16 9 256 31 9 7.2K 1.1K 16 256 31 9 7.2K (Continued from page 2) According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Aethelred was â€Å"informed† that Danish mercenaries intended to â€Å"beguile him out of his life.† (It is unknown whether an informer learned of an actual plot, or if Aethelred and his council fabricated the threat.) Aethelred then set in motion one of the most heinous acts of mass murder in English history, committed on St. Brice’s Day, November 13, 1002. As he himself recounted in a charter written two years later, â€Å"a decree was sent out by me, with the counsel of my leading men and magnates, to the effect that all the Danes who had sprung up in this island, sprouting like cockle [weeds] amongst the wheat, were to be destroyed by a most just extermination.† Prior to 2008, the only known inhabitants of the St. John’s College garden had been the songbirds and squirrels that darted across the neatly cropped lawn and hid in an ancient beech tree. Generations of dons and students had strolledShow MoreRelatedThe Black Death And Its Impact On Society1291 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history many natural events have had a profound effect on mankind, but few of these events have shaped history and culture as profoundly as the Black Death. The Black Death was the name given to the deadly disease that hugely disrupted Europe between 1347 and 1351. The disaster influenced and altered all aspects of European life. 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The Egyptians had a well-developed secret service, and spying and subversion are mentioned in the  Iliad  and in the Bible. The ancient Chinese treatise (c.500 B.C.) on the art of war devotes much attention to deception and intelligenceRead MoreAge of Enlightenment and Century5169 Words   |  21 Pageshuman nature and the relationship between government and the governed. 5. 85: To what extent is the term Renaissance a valid concept for a distinct period in early modern European history? 6. 88: Describe and analyze the ways in which the development of printing altered both the culture and the religion of Europe during the period 145-1600. 7. 90: Two Paintings, Peasants Dance by P. Brueghel, and Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte by George SeuratRead Moreart history formal analysis Renoir luncheon of the boating party4340 Words   |  18 Pageseconomic and social conditions in Paris underwent drastic changes during the mid 1800’s. 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English Language and Linguistic

Question: Discuss about the English Language and Linguistic? Answer: Beginning: There is a beautiful village named Tower Hamlet beside the river Gems. The scenic beauty of this village is so charming that people of different localities in London love to come here for spending their holidays to enjoy the beauty of nature. Julia, an innocent girl of eighteen, feel very proud to be the inhabitant of tower Hamlet. She was very pretty and attractive to look at. Sometimes villagers consider that Julia must have a divine bliss; otherwise, she can never be so beautiful and well manner. Julia was a schoolchild having a tremendous intelligence quality. She always stands first in the class. One more important thing about Julia is that she belongs to a rich family, as her father was a renowned industrialist. Oliver on the other hand was a wicked boy belonging to the same village. Olivers father worked under the company of Julias father. Oliver and Julia know each other from the childhood. Build up: When they started to grow up Julia began to fall in love with Oliver. Oliver did not show his feeling at the very first stage. Julia proposed him repeatedly, disclosed her feeling to Julia, confessed the truth how much she loved that person. Oliver always pretended to be indifferent to Julia, as he knew that Julias father would never accept him as the life partner of her daughter. One moonlight night Julia decided to take a drastic step against Oliver. If Oliver again intended to refuse her proposal, she would never irritate this person. It was Sunday evening. Oliver and Julia met beside the river Gem. Before starting her decision, Oliver decided to express his feeling. He looked at the beautiful eyes of Julia, kissed in her forehead, knelt down in front of her, and offered a beautiful red rose. It was the most pleasurable and memorable moment for Julia. In the very first week, they shared their feeling to each other; they intended to know their likings and disliking. In the second w eek, they came more close to each other beyond going any social clash and divisions. Julia promised him that she would never leave his hand despite her fathers opposition. Conflict: It was the early morning of Monday. Julia decided to give a big surprise to her beloved by giving a ring. She decided to arrange the surprise in Olivers house. Julias father being an industrialist did not allow his daughter to make any friendship with her neighbor. Father even did not allow her to go the neighbors house. This morning Julia decided to reach Olivers residence lagging behind the entire maidservant. She executed the whole plan successfully. Whenever Julia entered into the front door, she discovered Oliver is engaged intimately with a woman in bed. The entire world began to break down. The trees stopped fluttering their heads with the winds. Julia started to cry loudly but she failed. All feelings that she shared with this fraud person were meaningless. She came back to her home silently being remorse. Resolution: Julia began to forget laughing and to have food, nor did she wish to spend time with nature. From that day, Julia did not continue the relation with Oliver. Oliver on the other hand regularly waited for Julia beside the river at the evening. Being upset he returned to his home. One evening Oliver decided to visit Julia at night going to his home in spite of taking major risk. He executed the plan successfully. Whenever Oliver entered into the bedroom of Julia, Julia started to burst out. Seeing the intense hatred on behalf of Julia, Oliver was surprised. He simply could not understand why Julia is behaving like this. On the other hand, Julia was becoming irritated observing Oliver to create a dramatic sequence. At the end, Julia locked her heart at the earnest request of Julia. After hearing all the matters, Oliver started to laugh loudly. For a second Julia could not understand anything. Oliver being controlled in his gesture disclosed the all matters. The fact was that Oliver was h aving twin brother named James. He was not that much serious at his study and career. That is the reason James became married at his early age. Julia while entering to the home of Oliver has visited the twin brother of Oliver, James and his wife. Julia listened sincerely all the matters from beginning to the end. She could not understand how she would beg pardon to her boyfriend. After a moment of silence, they looked at each other and started laughing.

Influence of Product Market Externality †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Influence of Product Market Externality. Answer: Introduction In the study essay, key features of four market structures i.e. monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition, and the perfectly competitive market have been described. Using diagrams, the short run and long run profits and losses in the identified market structure is also elaborated (O'Sullivan, 2009). Also, the allocation of resources in the four types of markets has been compared. Furthermore, the study paper provides a brief description of negative externalities using the diagram. Providing a case study from Australia, the impact and government interventions have been identified to solve the problem of a negative externality. Lastly, the study investigates the effect of externality on monopoly and perfectly competitive market outcomes in the presence of negative externalities. In a monopoly market structure, a single manufacturer or seller has the control over the market as no close substitute is available (Abdin, 2008). Therefore, the single firm is called monopolistic. As the single supplier produces products having no close substitute, the monopolistic firm can be termed as the price maker. In other characteristics, due to lack of close substitutes and infrastructural assistance, entry to the market is restricted for new participators. Non-price competition in monopoly market is somewhat in compared to other market structure whereas the market structure is efficient in terms of productive efficiency (Carlton, 2012). The identified market structure secures high profitability in the longer period of time. For instance, rural gas station can be identified as a monopolistic firm as there are no other market competitors (Baur, 2017). In the underlying figure, the long-term and short-term economic profits of monopoly market structure have been illustrated as follows: In a monopoly market structure, super-normal profitability can be achieved in the long-term. In case of profit maximisation, marginal cost must be equal to marginal revenue considering the competition. In case of monopolistic market structure, competition is nil. As shown in the figure, profit maximisation is achieved when MC=MR, where P is price and output is Q. Given at a price AR is above ATC at point Q, PABC area can indicate the supernatural profit (Prescott, 2013). Precisely, no presence of close substitute and competition, a monopolistic firm can secure maximum profit at area PABC in the long run. Monopolistic Competitive market Monopolistic competitive market structure forms an imperferct competiton where many producers have offfered products or services differentiated by brinading ,design, or quality. Clearly, the offered products are not perfected substituables by each other (Brems, 2013). In a monopolistic competiton, the number of competitors are many but not as high as perfect competiton. In terms of control over the price, firms have got some control on prices whereas the entry to the market is relatively easy (Feenstra, 2010). In the monopolistic competition, production factors of manufactured goods/service are not absolutely transportable. Apparently, in sich market structure, more elastic demand curve can be seen as the manufacturers reduce price of goods/service to incresae sales. In the meanwhile, long-run profits for such market structure is nil (Feenstra, 2016). Invariably, retail stores and coffee shop businesses are examples of real life monopolistic competition. In the next section, the shor t-run economic profits and losses of monopolistic competiton have been described. In a monospolistic competition, firms engaged in the market structure maximises profits by manufacturing that partcilar quantity so that MR and MC will be equal in the short-run. Considerably, to achieve the economic proft in short-term, the avarage total cost must be below the market price. As described in the above graph, D is market demand, ATC is avarage total cost, MR is marginal revenue, and MC is marginal cost. As shown in the graph, the price offered by monomistic competitive enterprise is identical to the point on D where MR=MC. Therefore, the short-tern profit will be the difference between price and avarage total cost multiplied by quantity. In case of short-run losses, if ATC is above market price as shown in the above figure, the firm suffers loss. The short term loss will be the difference between price and avarage total cost multiplied by quantity. As the avarge total cost will be negative, the figure will show loss. However, in a monopolistic market structure firms can minimise the loss in short run by manufacturing the quantity where MR is equal to MC (Keppler, 2014). In that particular case, the firm need to convest the loss in profit or should exit the market. Perfectly competitive market Perfect or pure competition is rare in the real life scenario, but the model is essential in analysing the industry that characterises similar to a perfect competition market. A perfectly competitive market is characterised by a huge number of sellers that means the decision of a single seller will not impact the price of the commodity in the market (Taylor, 2015). Furthermore, the products and services in the perfectly competitive market are standardise and homogenous in nature. Every product and service is a perfect substitute of the products and services of the rival company (Carlton, 2012). Furthermore, the firms in the perfectly competitive market are price takers and the decision of the price is made on the basis of the market mechanism such as demand and supply of product. Moreover, there are not significant barriers that may prevent a firm from leaving and entering the perfectly competitive industry (Carlton, 2012). Some of the examples of perfectly competitive market are sto ck market industry and agricultural industry because these industries have the same characteristics of a perfectly competitive market. In a perfectly competitive market, the demand curve is horizontal to the market price, which is equal to average revenue and marginal revenue. Hence, in a perfectly competitive market D = P = AR = MR. Moreover, the quantity is MC = MR (Carlton, 2012). Furthermore, in the short run, rise in the demand leads to increase in the price that provides profit to the perfectly competitive firms. A diagram has been presented herein below for further understanding: It can be seen from the above diagram that AR is above AC that leads to a profit of P1E1MC1. However, the demand may fall due to certain factors that may lead to loss or zero profit of the perfectly competitive firms in the short run (Kunieda Shibata, 2014). A diagram has been presented herein below for further understanding: It can be seen from the above diagram that AC is more than AR due to the fall in the demand. Hence, C2ME2P2 presents the loss for the perfectly competitive firm in the short run. It is important to note that the profit and loss in the perfectly competitive firms occurs in the short run due to no changes in the quantity supplied (Kunieda Shibata, 2014). The firms cannot make changes in the quantity supplied due to stagnant factors of production in the short run. However, in the long run, the firms can make changes in the quantity supplied by adding or reducing the factors of production that leads to zero profit in the long run. A diagram has been presented herein below for further understanding: The oligopoly market consists of a huge number of buyers and few sellers. For example, the tooth paste, steel and soft drinks companies come under the oligopoly market structure. The firms in the oligopoly market are much innovative in order to differentiate their products to beat the competitors (Taylor, 2015). The firms are interdependent in order to decide the price of the product. Moreover, the investment required to enter the oligopoly market is quite high and the companies have kinked demand curve in the long run. The quantity supplied is decided by MR to MC (Kamien Schwartz, 2012). Moreover, the price remains above the AC which always provides profits to the firms in the oligopoly market. In the short run, the changes in the demand and supply do not impact the revenue of the firms in the oligopoly market. However, in the long run, the firms have kinked demand that increases the interdependency of the firms in the oligopoly market (Taylor, 2015). For example, if Colgate Palmol ive reduces the price for its products in the Australian market, the other competitors such as Oral B and Pepsodents also have to reduce their price to meet the competition in the market. A diagram has been presented herein below for further understanding: It can be seen from the above diagram, that the firms in the oligopoly market has kinked demand in the long run (Kunieda Shibata, 2014). Hence, in order to maintain its profitability and stabilise the demand for its product, the company has to change the price of the product on the basis of the price charged by the rivals. However, the company will never charge a lower price below the Average Cost as the products are differentiated through innovation (Kamien Schwartz, 2012). Comparison of four market Structure On the basis of the above analysis, the comparison of the four market structures has been presented in the table given below: Characteristic Perfect Competition Monopolistic Competition Oligopoly Monopoly Number of firms A very large number Many Few One Type of Product Homogeneous/Standardised Differentiated (by brinading ,design, or quality) Standardised/ Differentiated Unique; (no close substitute) Control over Price None (Price taker) Some Control over price within narrow limit Limited by mutual inter-dependence Considerable/Absolute (Price maker) Conditions of entry Very easy, no real obstacles Relatively easy Not Easy, significant obstacles Impossible/ Blocked Non Price Competition None Considerable Considerable for a differentiated oligopoly Somewhat Productive efficiency Highly efficient Less Efficient Less Efficient Inefficient Long run profits Nil Nil Positive High Examples Agriculture and stock market Retails stores, cosmetics, apparel Tooth paste, Steel, soft drinks Local utilities, rural gas station Table: Comparison of Four Market Structures Source: (Yomogida, 2010) However, in terms of resource allocation it is important to note that how the firms in different market structure use the allocated resources in order to produce the products and service in respective market. In the case of perfectly competitive firm, it can be seen that the companies earn normal profit in the long run. Hence, a fuller utilisation of resources can be evident in the perfectly competitive market (Salvatore, 2011). On the other hand, in the monopoly market, the firms produces relatively lesser amount of product to increase the demand and charge higher price for the products and services to maximise profit (Sutton, 2015). Therefore, it can be seen that monopolistic firms do not make fuller utilisation of the allocated resources. Furthermore, in a monopolistic competitive market there are a huge number of buyers and sellers, but the products are identical in nature (Slavin, 2014). The companies in the monopolistic competitive market charge a higher price than the market price due to the differentiated characteristics of the products. Hence, it can be seen that firms in monopolistic competitive market do not product at their optimum level. In other words, the firms produce less than the installed capacity (Salvatore, 2011). Furthermore, the same happens with the firms in the oligopoly market. The interdependency characteristics of this market forces the oligopolistic firms to produce lesser amount as compared to their optimum level. However, to meet the changing policies of the competitors the firms need to produce on the basis of the market demand (Slavin, 2014). Therefore, it can be seen that oligopoly firms uses lesser resources as compared to the perfectly competitive firms and more resources as compared t o the monopolistic firms. Negative externalities To identify the macroeconomic status of free market, understanding the negative externalities associated with the market is a primary need. Negative externality is said to be occurred when production or consumption of a goods can create harmful consequences to a third party other than producers and consumers (Cho, 2013). Evidently, negative externalities can impose external costs on the third party as well. Therefore, negative externalities can contribute to a market failure as the social cost exceeds private costs in a given market. The receiver of negative externalities can be any individual or organisation other than the manufacturer and consumer of the goods. For instance, any type of pollution can impact the social population. Therefore, it is addressed as a negative externality (Wang Tan, 2017). In the study, negative externality of production has been described using graphical representation as follows: A negative externality that has taken place due to production or manufacturing of a product affecting the third party other than the producer and consumers in a harmful way, can be defined as negative externality of production. For example, burning of fossil fuel e.g. coal, oil, and LNG to produce electricity can contribute to air pollution. Clearly, air pollution during the production of electricity can create a harmful effect on the social population. As depicted in the above figure, Q1 can be identified as the production output where the demand status and supply status is equal. At Q1 position, the social marginal cost (SMC) is significantly higher than that of social marginal benefit (SMB) showing socially inefficiency (Sunderasan, 2012). At point Q2, SMC is equal to SMB notifying social efficiency at the point. The marked section in the figure is called deadweight welfare loss because the SMC is greater than PMC i.e. private marginal cost. Emission of green house gas has become one of the leading challenges for Australia according to the data released by the Australian government. Hannam (2017) reviewed in the article stating that the carbon emission in the country has been continue to increase as the data released by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory discloses that carbon emission in the country increased by 1.6% in the March quarter, biggest change in terms of quarterly increase in the previous nine years. The Australian carbon emission has reached 550.4 million tonne annually up by 1% in compared to the last year. Since the Coalition government has taken the charge, carbon emission in the country was up by 6% in compared to a decline of 10% during Labour government (Hannam, 2017). Each of the data indicates how coal-powered energy sector and major industries have contributed towards increasing carbon emission affecting the social population. Clearly, the increase rate of carbon emission refers to the environment policy framework implemented by the Coalition government. According to the analysis, being a negative externality, pollution has affected the economy as well. Due to the increase in greenhouse gas, the social cost exceeds private costs. In the underlying figure, carbon emission trend in Australia has been represented as below: As described in the above mentioned figure, since March quarter in 2013, the carbon emission trend is continuously increasing. Due to negative externalities such as pollution, government interventions are mandatory to correct the market failure due to the event (Hannam, 2017). Evidently, according to the economists, internalise exterior costs and benefits must be taken into account to avoid the sustainable impact of negative externalities. In Australia, the mining, oil and gas, and coal-powered electricity production sectors can be identified as the major contributors to greenhouse gas emission. In order to reduce the amount of pollution, one of the most common approaches is pollution tax i.e. the government should force polluters to pay massive charges for creating negative externalities. In the meanwhile, negative externalities create adverse effect on the health of social people increasing social costs to that of private costs. Herein, introducing carbon tax will help to increase the private cost of production or/and consumption. Therefore, the rise in the private cost should reduce the quantity demanded as well as the output of the product causing negative externalities. In this way, government directed carbon tax can negate the adverse effect of negative externalities hurting the economic conditions. Effect of externality on monopoly and perfectly competitive market Firstly, it is important to understand the impact of externalities over the monopoly and perfectly competitive market in order to know which market structure is socially beneficial (Arellano, 2007). Moreover, the social marginal cost for a perfectly competitive firm will be always higher than the private marginal cost in case of emission of carbon in the air that causes negative externalities (air pollution) (Gilman, 2016). Furthermore, a perfectly competitive firm will produce more than the socially optimal level at Qp in order to meet the high level of competition in the market and earn normal profit in the long run (O'Sullivan, 2009). A diagram has been presented herein below for further understanding: It can be seen from the above diagram that a perfectly competitive firm will produce at Qp that will lead to negative externalities and deadweight welfare loss marked with the shaded section (Wang Tan, 2017). However, in the case of a monopoly firm it is important to note that the output will always be lower than the socially optimum level of output to maximise the profit. In other words, the output level for the monopoly firms will be at S = PMC = MR (Carl, 2012). A figure has been given below for better understanding: By utilising the formula of welfare, it can be seen from the above figure that the welfare at socially optimal price level is A + B + C + D + E + F + G + H and the welfare at monopoly price level is A + B + C + D + F + G. Hence, the deadweight welfare loss for monopoly firms is E + H that are presented with the shaded portion (Wang Tan, 2017). By considering both the market structures, it can be seen that perfectly competitive market makes fuller utilisation of resources and produces higher quantity of products as compared to monopoly market firms (Martin, 2016). It can be seen that the deadweight loss occurring from the negative externalities will be higher in the case of perfectly competitive market as compared to monopolistic market (Wang Tan, 2017). Hence, monopoly market is socially preferred market structure over the perfectly competitive market with the occurrence of negative externalities. Conclusion By considering the above analysis, it can be seen that all four market structures differs from one another on the basis of number of sellers, similarities between the products, barriers of entry and exit, decision making of price and several other factors. The comparison made on the basis of allocation of resources, it can be seen that firms in the perfectly competitive market are found to use the available resources to its optimal level. However, other market structures do not present optimum utilisation of resources due to their profit maximisation, product differentiation and interdependency characteristics. Moreover, the negative externalities caused by the operations of the firms in different market structure leads to welfare loss. Hence, it is the role of the government to take care of the social cost that is incurred by the operations of the firms causing negative externalities. Finally, the research concludes by presenting that monopoly market is socially preferred market str ucture over the perfectly competitive market with the occurrence of negative externalities due to the production of output below the socially optimum level. References Abdin, M. (2008). Hidden Monopoly in the Free Market.SSRN Electronic Journal. Arellano, F. (2007). Forecasting Profits in the Short Run: Using a More Reliable Profit Margin Ratio.SSRN Electronic Journal. Baur, D. (2017). 'Monopoly' in Real Life - The Housing Market and Inequality.SSRN Electronic Journal. Brems, H. (2013).Product equilibrium under monopolistic competition(3rd ed.). Cambridge: Harvard Univ Press. Carl, S. (2012).Market Structure. Delhi: Orange Apple. Carlton, D. (2012).Planning and Market Structure(5th ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Cho, M. (2013). Externality and information asymmetry in the production of local public goods.International Journal Of Economic Theory,9(2), 177-201. Feenstra, R. (2010). Measuring the gains from trade under monopolistic competition.Canadian Journal Of Economics/Revue Canadienne D'conomique,43(1), 1-28. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5982.2009.01577.x Feenstra, R. (2016). Gains from Trade Under Monopolistic Competition.Pacific Economic Review,21(1), 35-44. Gilman, L. (2016).Economics. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications. Hannam, P. (2017).Australia's carbon pollution soars, government data shows.The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved August 2017, from https://www.smh.com.au/environment/climate-change/australias-carbon-pollution-soars-government-data-shows-20170804-gxpd71.html Kamien, M., Schwartz, N. (2012).Market structure and innovation(7th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Keppler, J. (2014).Monopolistic competition theory(5th ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Kunieda, T., Shibata, A. (2014). Credit Market Imperfections and Macroeconomic Instability.Pacific Economic Review,19(5), 592-611. Martin, R. (2016). Externality regulation and the monopoly firm.Journal Of Public Economics,29(3), 347-362. O'Sullivan, A. (2009).Urban economics(3rd ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Prescott, E. (2013). Market structure and monopoly profits: A dynamic theory.Journal Of Economic Theory,6(6), 546-557. Rozeff, M. (2009). Stiglitz, Externality and Government.SSRN Electronic Journal. Salvatore, D. (2011).Microeconomics. New York: McGraw Hill. Slavin, S. (2014).Microeconomics. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. Sunderasan, S. (2012).Externality(2nd ed.). New York: Nova Publishers. Sutton, J. (2015).Technology and Market Structure. Cambridge: MIT Press. Taylor, T. (2015).Economics. Chantilly, Va.: Teaching Co. Wang, Y., Tan, D. (2017). The Influence of Product Market Externality on Dynamic Decisions of Monopoly.Modern Economy,8(6), 806-815. Yomogida, M. (2010). Fragmentation and Welfare in Monopolistic Competition.Review Of International Economics,18(3), 531-539.