'Morality in “A Farewell to Arms”\r'

'The concept of theology conjure ups to the ratio of hu part existence whereby man con sc atomic number 18rs or finds himself, an apotheosis vision of man, or an ideal state and goal of his existence which he finds himself oriented toward. The ideal vision and so constitutes for him an exigency, a demand to go through in accord with the ideal vision and goal. By the same token, this ideal vision of man constitutes a fundamental norm in relation to which his life and be activeions are judged to be either right or wrong, trusty or bad.\r\nRight and wrong literally mean existence straight or not, in line with, in amity or not, with the norm. On the opposite hand, cheeseparing and bad are often use as equivalents of right and wrong. However, in more(prenominal) precise language, right and wrong refer specifically to that which is righteously binding or obligatory. Thus, the right action is that which we ought to do or ought to have through with(p), whereas the wrong action is that which we ought to abstain from or ought to have refrained from doing. (Williams)\r\nIn a shorter and briefer military rank of the concept of clean-livings, religion stands for what is effected as standard for right and wrong. It goes for what the smart set has as norm or custom. An action rat be permissible though it is not moral. However in this regard, purity and wrongness are forth of issue. practicableness is said to be the motivation extort for such action which is primarily overdue to its eccentric mortal as necessary. Yet, necessity is rigorously beyond the sphere of morality.\r\n religion in â€Å"A Farewell to Arms” or â€Å"Farewell to Manzanar”\r\nThe story boldly receptive the transformation of the character of Lt. Fredric henry era he engaged to various characters. outset transformation occurs after he met Catherine. Before, he was initially described as dark-green and womanizer. The nature of his work asked him to leave h is face-to-face interests over his goal as pass †that which is to obey the army and fight for his domain. In this initial scene, heat content was not in reality aware of what he was doing.\r\nHe hanged out with his comrades. He drank alcoholic beverages. He engaged himself to many women. But such seemed to be normal for a spend same(p) him. Being a pass, he was tenacious to risk his life in dress to do his job. As compensation, he cute to relax by having night-outs and drinking sessions with his co-soldiers. However, when he knew Catherine, he suddenly became somber in his life. He was now more unselfish in all that he did. He stop going to bars. He stopped hanging out with his comrades. He sooner focused himself on his relationship with Catherine. For a while, he cherished to be unaffixed from his work as a soldier.\r\n nonetheless no outlet how he was serious with the girl, he just dropnot put away(p) his being a soldier. Catherine was pregnant. He wanted t o be at her side. Yet he knew that he had to go back to the front and function as a soldier. He was in a quandary. He knew that if he chose the former, he would neglect his responsibility as a soldier to his boorish. And if he chose the latter(prenominal) he would neglect his obligation to Catherine and to their bungle as father. But like what was verbalise earlier, he knew that his work requires sacrifice of his ad hominem interests †that which is more important is the interest of his clownish and soilmen. Later on, he purely considered the latter.\r\nUpon perspicacious that at that place was this conspiracy to bring mound the army by some of his co-soldiers, he escaped from the army. In this scene, atomic number 1 female genital organ be seen as a soldier that upon knowing what was really happening, he had elect to leave the army instead of inform the incident to his superiors †maybe because he was slimly worried of himself. But then as a servant of his b ucolic, his duty is to protect and fight for his country no matter what happen. In this aspect, he acted against his duty.\r\nWhen he fled from the army, he happened to meet again with Catherine. Realizing that he had a responsibility toward her and their baby, he convinced her to go to Switzerland and make new life. The girl concord and together they ran away. It is to be noted that forwards the two met and became in love with each other, they had already duties to their countries.\r\nHenry was a soldier and Catherine was a nurse. When they escaped, they turned down these suppose jobs in pursuit of their own interests. Honestly, I cannot literally say that they had committed a moral crime of being selfish. Selfishness can be right in accepted situations. But still, they left their posts as servants of their country hence somehow they can be criticized for doing such.\r\nTo analyze Henry’s transformation, his character started at the end of the continuum, far from being moral. But after he met Catherine, he became aware of the rightness and wrongness of his actions. Conversely, in the end of the story his moral ascendence was exposed to conflicting duties â€duty to his country as a soldier and duty to Catherine and his baby as father. Personally, I mobilize that Henry failed to exercise his practical crusade for choosing his own interest over his country’s interest. And this can be back up by the ending when Catherine and his child died. It suggested that he had picked the wrong decision therefore he suffered its ill-consequences.\r\nUsing Kantian morals, Utilitarianism and fairness Ethics\r\n moralistic Theories are important in the evaluation of human actions. They serve as the chief framework and criteria for moral judgment.(Timmons) Furthermore, morality is said to be one of the well-nigh contested concepts. Its truthfulness and applicability are always put into question. It is true that morality is more specific than the conce pt of morals because morality refers to the study of human actions whereas morality pertains to a particular set of standards in which moral judgment is being establish.(Williams)\r\nNow, in evaluation of morality, there are different aspects that moral theories tend to look at.(Harris) Kantianism or the Kantianism, one of the Deontological theories, implies that human actions are judged with propagation to duty or obligation.(Baron) On the contrary, Utilitarianism states that moral judgment can be done by appealing to the consequences of human actions.(Mill) Nevertheless, Virtue Ethics does not focus its evaluation neither on the duty or consequence of an action but alternatively on the character or the objective of the acting agent.(Hursthouse)\r\nIt is noteworthy to use the abovementioned moral theories in analyzing the transformation of Lt. Henry’s character throughout the story.\r\nKantian morals would most likely criticize Henry for not fulfilling his duties to hi s country and to his baby. As mentioned earlier, Henry first left Catherine even if he was already aware of the latter’s pregnancy. When he escaped from the army, he harmonize with Catherine and planned to move to Switzerland. Obviously, as it was manifested in the romance, Henry neglected his duty as soldier. For Kantianism, such undertaking is morally wrong.\r\nIn relation to the Utilitarian principle, greatest sizable for the greatest number, Henry also failed to act morally.(Mill) He undervalued his job as soldier and instead pursued his personal interest. though his action would benefit him, Catherine and the baby; what was desert was his task of fighting and protecting his country and his fellow countrymen. Obviously, the latter was greater in number as compared to the former and have the most intrinsic good. Utilitarianism would say that Henry failed to act morally.\r\nFinally, Virtue ethics suggests that the judicial decision of Henry’s decisions and acti ons should be based on his character and intention.(Hursthouse; Williams) Giving the position that Henry had this intention of escaping and abandoning the army for he valued more his life (though there is nothing wrong for doing such), virtue ethics would say that Henry was not innocent for not being courageous in facing the worse situation that he supposedly had. Moreover, he was not virtuous for he did not make a good judgment in reservation decisions or in solving the dilemma that he had. As a result, he acted against what is morally right in the lighten of the Virtue ethics.\r\nConclusion\r\nTo sum up, the novel: A Farewell to Arms can be described as a story of struggle.(Hemingway) This struggle was all active freeing oneself from the sphere of war, from the sphere of morality. Morality suggests what one ought to do and not to do.(Williams) It dialog about standards and code of conducts. On the other hand, morality fades in the sphere of war and in the sphere of love. On e has the allow to either stick to what he look is right rather than do what friendship tells him to do so. At the end of the day, what gives person happiness is what really counts.\r\nReferences/ Works Cited:\r\nBaron, Marcia W. Kantian Ethics Almost without Apology mod ed ed: Cornell University Press, 1999.\r\nHarris, C. E. Applying Moral Theories fifth ed: Wadsworth Publishing, 2006.\r\nHemingway, Ernest. A Farewell to Arms. reprint ed: Scribner, 1995.\r\nHursthouse, Rosalind. On Virtue Ethics. unfermented ed ed: Oxford University Press, 2002.\r\nMill, John Stuart. Utilitarianism. IndyPublish, 2005.\r\nTimmons, Mark. Moral Theory Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. , 2002.\r\nWilliams, Bernard. Morality: An groundwork to Ethics (Canto). Reissue ed: Cambridge University Press, 1993.\r\n \r\n \r\n'