The poverty issue

The need wall plugThis issue of Poverty has been general absorb to humanity collectable to the serious setback it is causing globally. It has befit the earthly concerns pandemic threatening close to scotch especially those in the Least create countries (LDCs). Hence, the magnitude of leanness though varying in varied move of the sphere is known to be prominent in the LDCs. Countries could be install in Asia, Latin America, and Africa. According to Raanan Weitz 1986, While humanity sh atomic number 18s integrity planet, it is a planet on which there are two worlds, the rich and the world of the woeful these poor world countries are called the Third existence.1They are characterized by low economic growth, low per capital income, low standards of living ,low level of technology, naughty illiteracy rate, political instability.All of these serve as an bridle to the economic growth processes of these countries.According to Allan Cochrane A polar aspect of s stubtines s is the way in whichIt reduces ability of people to participate in the standard lives of their communities with stress being placed on the deprivation which results from the lack kind of than low income itself2 Poverty drive out influence policy intervene in either association and it is central to policy debates concerning outgrowth on wellbeing issue.After the give the axe of the first and second World Wars that lead by and large to the devastation of Europe, a comp whatsoever countries came together to form the league that exit seek to theAffairs of their countries, promote inter landal relations seeking to moderate in a variety of areas of human activities. This resulted to formation of outside(a) political Organization (INGOs) charged with the responsibility and vision to facilitate the issue of warfare and peace, disease prevention and peace, and economic development. These IGOs seem to be dominant in contemporary supranational affairs. Besides, other actors who also play significant recognition in influencing and determining the course of international relations but however are not so officially know by states, (nonprofit making, voluntarily originateed, particular(prenominal) aims and neutrals and that which are active in various human welfare),are Non- authoritiesal Organization(NGOs).According to Daniel S. Papp, Non-government Organizations are extremely divers in Size, composition objective and allow bodies such(prenominal) as the International Olympic counseling (IOC).The committee for nuclear disarmament, the International Federation of Air line Pilots Association, International pretend out over Committee (IRC).The International Chamber of commerce, and the World Federation of true Union.3In the least developed countries like Africa, both the income and non- income aspect pauperisation is permeating receivable to line of work str etceteraing from bad governance and mismanagement, poor economic growth, unemployment an d underemployment, lack of access to social services ,low level of investment, superior point in time of indebtness and umpteen others. The above, mentioned views are buttress by Santiago (1973), thus the triple world, with 77% of the nation, subsists on only 22% of the world income and even this universe of discourse is in abject meagerness4Nevertheless(prenominal), most of the LDCs gestate formulated policies and strategies for poverty reducing in their development plans backuped and financed by international organizations.sierra Leone at the west coast of Africa, according to world population data of the reference bureau, sierra Leone has an estimated population of about 4.5 million. With the natural resources vary from fertile visit tropical mineral deposits. Yet, it is ranked at the bottom of united nation Human using Index (HDI) as the poorest in the world.In support to further reforms and effort to stabilize the economy, the International Monetary Fund(IMF)approv ed an economic platform inflict attend toance to facilitate the economy in December 1999.The World Bank also launched the stinting Rehabilitation and Recovery credit to assist Government in restoring protective and economic security.Other donors including the Islamic breeding Bank (IDB), THE Department for International Development (DFID) UK and the European Economic Commission (EU) or (EEC) use up provided ongoing emergency recovery assistance and budgetary support to enhance government capacity to fund critical program and improve service delivery5In a bid to improve on the efficiency of donors support, the Government has centralized guardianship Coordination in the Ministry of Development and Economic Planning (MODEP) to formulate humanitarian guideline for all NGOs operating in the country.About 75.5% of the population live below the poverty line less than one United States dollar (UA$1) per day 6.This low human development provide include indicators like low primary sch ool enrollment, high illiteracy rate, high maternal death rate, and low level of security etc.However, the poverty lieu becomes worsened during the war when most sectors from which the government was receiving revenue especially the mining sector become the target of the war. With the end of the war and successful conclusion of Presidential and Parliamentary elections on the fourteenth May 2002, Government has already implemented series of strategies that seek to facilitate poverty. To redress poverty, the government articulated and interim poverty decline raws report (I-PRSP) in June2001.Government Institutions, Sectors, International Organization and the international community have refined their policies toward reducing poverty in the country.METHODOLOGY The queryer due to time limitation, and with imagines to the objective of this work, seeker pull up stakes be assessing information self-collected from secondary sources/data in order to produce the required and desire result.The researcher opted to integrate the soft approach in this conduct due to its significant advantages. The use of qualitative data gathering method is profitable as they are more open to changes and refinement of research ideas as the conduct progresses this implies that qualitative data gathering tools are highly flexible.This cultivation leave behind use interpretivist as its main research philosophy. A descriptive research intends to present facts concerning the nature and status of a website, as it exists at the time of the study (Creswell, 1994).It is also concerned with relationships and practices that exist, beliefs and process that are on-going, set up that are being felt or trends that are evolution. In addition, such approach tries to describe past, present conditions, events or systems based on the impressions or reactions of the respondents of the research (Creswell, 1994).The ontology of qualitative methods is constructivist, which contends that social phenomenon is continually being accomplished by social actors- they are produced through social interaction and are thus constantly being revised.7Basically, a descriptive research utilizes observations and surveys. It is for this particular motive that this approach was chosen by the researcher, whose intention is to gather first hand data. Moreover, this testament allow for a flexible approach that when authorised new issues and questions arise at the duration of the study, a further investigation can be conducted. Another advantage is that with this approach, the research will be devalued and any(prenominal)how cost-effective.Aside from the qualitative finding method, secondary research will be conducted in this study. Sources in secondary research will include previous research reports, development books, world and regional documentations, existing findings on journals and existing knowledge on books, firsthand communication source from international organization websites, newspapers, magazines and appropriate use of the internet. The study will shorten an broad review of the relevant literature on the character reference played by NGOs in alleviating poverty in sub-Saharan Africa, Case study caritas as a case study. Basically, interpretation will be conducted which can vizor as qualitative in nature.PROBLEMPoverty is a situation which renders communities and individuals ineffective, passive an isolated, thereby reducing the ability of people to participate in the normal lives of their communities resulting to deprivation which is characterized by lack of income rather than the low income itself.This poverty epidemic is very widespread in sierra Leone. It penetrates all sectors of our society and at the same time arrests development. Poverty is the major(ip) hurdle and impediments of developmental aspirations and strides in the third world which sierra Leone is an integral component.JUSTIFICATION akin research works have been undertaking in parts of the country, and at various quarters to investigate the role played by NGOs in complementing and fulfillment of Governments efforts in its stride to help improve the welfare of the citizens.However, many campaigns , talks and surveys have proved right that NGOs indeed playing crucial roles in human activities and have had some degrees of successes in obtaining the objective typeface of such NGOs include The International fierce Cross, International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, The World Vision, Catholic Relief Service and the like.Hence, it is authorised for a survey like this to be conducted to see how Caritas in Sierra Leone in helping to lighten. In Sierra Leone like in any other third world countries, poverty is a complete hobnailed phenomenon. Survey undertaking by various quarters, groups, researchers, civil societies, government sectors have shown that poverty is very alarming in the Northern and Eastern amenablenesss of Sierra Leone. To add an adde ndum to this point, the Central Statistics Office now known as Statistic Sierra Leone,(SCOSHEHEA 1989-1990), explain thus Eastern Province about 26.4%of the population is poor, Northern province 35.3%,Western Area 15.9% and the SouthernProvince22.3%.Poverty is manifested in the following activities, some single parent family begging in streets, increase in moneymaking(prenominal) sex work, and an increase in the number of early marriage and pregnancy, high rate of inflation, massive unemployment of Youth etc.The study seeks to highlight the important role played by NGOs with emphasis on Caritas in alleviating poverty. It will also serve as a basis for now and incoming day projection in the allocation of resource for development programLastly, with the culmination of the research work, it can be of good source of information for future researchers, who may wish to further investigate the role NGOs play in poverty stand-ins.HYPOTHESISCaritas Sierra Leone (NGO) is helping and compl eting Governments effort to alleviate poverty in Sierra Leone. How?SCOPE OF THE WORKThis work is split up into five scratchs these include instalment (1) Background/History of poverty subdivision (2) Background to case study that is background history of Caritas Sierra Leone, section (3) Origin and import of NGOs, section (4) Analysis of Caritas activities in Sierra Leone (Agriculture, education, Health), section five Analysis and interpretation of data based on the existential result and section (5) conclusion.The research work is designed to cover three implementing sectors of Caritas with regard to poverty alleviation, they includesAgricultural Recovery/ActivitiesEducationHealthAIMS and OBJECTIVESThe major aim of this research is to assess Caritas Sierra Leone (NGO) role play in alleviating poverty in Sierra Leone.The objective is to give brief meaning and origin of NGOs, brief historical background of Caritas, and to,Assess the various activities of Caritas on poverty reduc tion in areas of operations in the Eastern Province of Sierra Leone.DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUESThis study is descriptive and to meet the objectives of this dissertation, the desk research method is used which involves collection of data from Caritas field officers, and administrators, and documentation etc.Reviews of the related articles, publications, books pen by development writers and development journals on this posit matter have would be review and consulted and used. Both quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis will be used.TOOLS OF ANALYSISTables, Chats, Averages, and Percentages will be used to analyze and present the data.LITERATURE REVIEWPoverty has become a sensitive issue all over the world. Be motive of this ,individual, consultative group meetings, Government Institutions, Non- Governmental Organisation, Human Right Activist Groups, Humanitarian Organisation, urbane Societies groups, Women Organisations, have in diverse ways undertaken research work wr itten books and formulated activities and strategies towards alleviating poverty.In the course of this discussion, divergent views from selected work will be determine critically to look at the designs and machines adopted by NGOs with specific reference to Caritas sierra Leone to reduce poverty in the LDCs.Peter Townsend (1979) an world power on the opinion and its effect on humanity viewed poverty as follows Individuals, families and groups in population can be said to be in poverty when they lack the resources to obtain the types of diet, participate in the activities and how the living the conditions and comforts which are customary or approved in the societies to which they belong .There resources are so seriously below those commanded by the fair(a) individual or family that they in effect excluded from the ordinary living patterns, custom and activities.Similarly so in Sierra Leone, a situation current under which the mess of the population is being affected more especi ally in the homespun areas.This work will however examine the length and extent of the poor status under which the population is categories and how it has been alleviated with the intervention of Caritas in Sierra Leone.Evaluating the impact of NGOs, Womens Association in Rural Poverty Alleviation, Connick (1992) outlined the using up power of the average urban household is 2.5 times as the average awkward, household ,with a large proportion of the rural household forgather in the lowest spending expenditure groups . The selection of the reviewed location of this study is a clear indication to the fact that the poverty is a rural phenomenon in Sierra Leone and the need for partners in development like Caritas to perish on in activities that alleviate poverty in this area is a a good deal concern to this research.Galbraith John Kenneth (1970) revealed that, poverty may itself be a cause of poverty. This is because it denies the country from investment, revenues for education o r purchasing power for consumer product, which in turn, is an creative to effort. Thus, poverty perpetuates itself. Such are the fundamental that both systems must attack. It is unlikely, that that the causes operate in the same form and in the intensively in any two cases. Effective attacks therefore require not only economical remedies but also effective diagnosed of the condition to be ameliorated.In applying strategies/policies accommodate towards poverty reduction in the country, proper identification of the poverty situation should be undertaken.This however, should be complemented by inducting activities and policies to reduce poverty. However, streaming the poverty alleviation programmes, of Caritas from 2001-2008 is a period diagnosed as poverty being very prominent.The strategies and mechanism used by Caritas in fighting poverty is the backbone of this research work.Forster and Shorrocks (1991) argue that aggregate measure of poverty have to be sub-divided consistent. T his poverty of a poverty index is closely associated with the nation of decomposability or adaptively crossways sub-groups .If a poverty index is sub-group consisting, then it must be in the Forster etal, class or any of their change magnitude transformation.In support of Forster and Shorrocks 1991 statement, Sierra Leone Government put strategy and mechanisms in place, in order to sub-grouped poverty. The retardation Poverty decline outline was form to look into the poverty situation.Von Pisschke (1919) recognized that, poverty is contextual that is not static and it is relative. Micro credit bring was introduced as a mechanism for the poor to pursue Poverty Reduction activities which were within means and capacities. The knowledge behind this is that, poverty situation can be improved and a way of doing this is through giving micro-credit lends to co-operative groups, womens Organisation. Individuals, to actively engage in activities like small scale business, agricultural activities, which aid in the increase and improvement of diets as well as alive(p) in the activities of their respective communities. This is evident in areas in which Local NGOs International NGOs operate to reduce poverty in the society. A case study is the activities of Caritas in rural areas and rural urban areas within the last xii years.A conceptual frame work is that, micro-credit or small loan recommended as a process for generating income through Agricultural activities. Literacy programmes, Skill fostering or through Small- scale business is widely a concept in the areas where NGOs and other societier Organisations operate. Caritas will be the one under investigation.With regard to this issue, Khander and Kabeer (1998) discussed the idea that, NGOs and Donors were dictated on policies which specifically called for the increased in micro-credit loans to reach out to women and these micro-credit programmes did not limit their desire impact to poverty reduction only but ex tended it to achieve womens empowermentNonetheless, in Sub-Saharan Economics, Agriculture is purely subsistence and women are the actors in the production of food and responsible for the smooth running of the home, loans are therefore giving and directed to undertake such activities in the society in order to reduce poverty. cause in Chao Beroff (1999) shown that, micro-credit programmes were meant to help the poor generate income and alleviate the poverty sustainable.Similarly, Mayout (2000) explained in the second paradigm that is called the poverty Alleviation Paradigm which manifested in increasing outreach and access to the poor ,providing small loans for consumption and training in some of the poor segment of the population and they are the ones directly targeted and responsible for the family public assistance.The issue here is that, micro-credit are meant and targeted more specifically for women whose role in the family well-being are very significant.Mansaray Shiekh U. (19 95) also explained that, education, per-capital income, level of investment changes in farm size, employment health, food and nutrition etc were the agents or sectors of development.However, an improvement in these sectors will bring about sustainable development that will reduce poverty. The role of Non-governmental Organisation in development with specific references to the association of Rural Development was taken as the subject on these issues.Susistainable development, however gives to growth stellar(a) to a high standard of living .With regard to this, poverty will be alleviated. This study focuses and is however related to examination of the role of Caritas in alleviating poverty with special references to the aspects of Agriculture production, skill training Literacy which is part of the sectors, outlines in development.Gordon Drabek (1988) outlined various analytic concepts and prescription within the idea of promoting NGOs in the developing countries .Many reasons relate d to the mistakes that have been occurring over time by socio-economic developing countries and making the individual who are intended to gain from these developmental policies anticipate to remain poor as ever. However, NGOs have contributed significant resource of different categories to development programmes at community and national level for the benefit of the deprived groups in the rural and urban communities. In assessing the role of Caritas in alleviating poverty in Sierra Leone will be an evident toward NGOs performance in their intended purposes.Also, Chamber R. (1988) used the idea of Additionally to present the owing(p) contribution of NGOs to development programmes. Additionally here means the making of things better than they would have been and allows for bad as well as good effects. equable a substantial number of NGOs which operate in Sierra Leone of which Caritas is one among the many. Caritas in this respect is targeted to see the extent of its contribution i n poverty alleviation well composed, organized, established and their contribution towards improving human activities in rural and urban communities is well organized.Raanan Weitz (1986)Allan Cochrane (1992) problems of poverty And abstract from social problem and the family pagesDaniel S. Papp Contemporary International Relation Pages 91-92.Santiago (1973) Declaration of Third World, World EconomicRepublic of Sierra Leone. Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper June 2001.Human Development Reports 2002.United Nation Development Program impudently York.Creswell, J.W. (1994) Research design Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, California Sage. in Bryman (2001) Social Research Methods, Oxford University Press, Oxford, p.264